Design Of A New Smart Design For Six Sigma Project Essay

Introduction: In this consistently changing technological world, there are new features emerging in every new model of a new Sneakers. This project shows the views of the consumers on their perception of their current smart sneakers and their likeliness of adapting a new smart sneakers. For this case, the DMADV Methodology is followed for the Design for Six Sigma project. Design of Experiments (DOE) is a systematic method to determine the relationship between factors affecting a process and output of the process. In this smart sneakers survey we are finding the relationship between the factors (Water Proof, GPS, Biometric, Cost and Charging). In this project, we are identifying the feasible models for a new smart sneaker design. This paper also includes the technical aspects and suggestions on pricing marketing strategy for the product to gain the market share, which can further help in retaining better customer satisfaction and exceed the expectations of the product. So as to accompany the best plan for our smart sneakers, our group has adopted a Six Sigma driven strategy to handle the issue. A DMAIC display has been recommended and put into utilization to handle and plan the item with ideal components. The six sigma stages help us to concoct a well ordered way to deal with the item configuration by investigating all the basic to quality measurements and voice of the client [VOC]. We have joined a great deal of thoughts which the organization can execute to furtherShow MoreRelatedSix Sigma Implementation Case Study Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pages1. Six Sigma Implementation Case Study Six-Sigma is a statistical method that provides an organization with tools to advance the business process or product. The six-sigma goal is to diminish the defects in the process or product. The goal of a six-sigma project is to decrease the defects to 3.4 per million opportunities, which is 99.99966 percent of the time. By implementing six-sigma on a project, the organization can get an almost perfect process and product. To achieve the most optimal resultsRead MoreThe High Tech Industries Have A Revolutionary Approach Towards Technology Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction Nowadays, the high-tech industries have a revolutionary approach towards technology. The new approach partially is related to the immense advancements in the information technology, high-speed internet, and cell phone technologies that enabled mega companies such as Apple to create innovative inventions like iPhone. The new and cutting-edge technology became more popular day by day and other creative ideas started blooming. Amazon, an on-line bookstore, all of a sudden became a hugelyRead MoreApplying Dmadv Methodology Of A Footwear Manufacturing Industry Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Purpose of this project is to apply DMADV methodology in a footwear manufacturing industry to identify best designs of smart sneakers. The modern world has smart phones, smart watches, and many smart devices, so we came up with an enhanced version of smart sneakers. We have considered various attributes like GPS which can direct you as you walk or run, feature to charge your sneaker s, how it synchronizes, how much repellent the sneakers could be climatic conditions and finallyRead MoreSix Sigma Framework : Analyze, Design, And Verify Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagesabout DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify) Six Sigma framework. Six sigma generally will be implemented with DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) to analyze the core problems in different scenarios. DMAIC can be solved for different sizes of the problem, and also the project time and cost will vary. DMAIC focuses primarily on the development of a new service, product or process and is especially useful when implementing new strategies and initiatives because of earlyRead MoreProcess Of The Product Testing1161 Words   |  5 Pagessignificance of the proposed solutions by running a ANOVA analysis between the X’s and the Y’s. After that, we outline our analysis which then reflects the best possible models. The final step on the six-sigma process is to r un a pilot test model on the proposed solutions. In our sneaker design project, we had around 15 test subject models. When we ran the Tukey and welsh validation tests we identify two models with the most significant results. With results narrowed down such a minuscule level, theRead MoreSix Sigma Certification And Consulting Services Essay2034 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: Remembering the ultimate objective to go with the best layout for our sneaker shoe, our gathering has received a Six Sigma driven methodology to handle the issue. A DMAIC show has been prescribed and put into usage to handle and layout the thing with perfect components. The six sigma stages help us to devise an all-around requested approach to manage the thing setup by separating all the essential to quality estimations and voice of the customer [VOC]. We have joined a significant measureRead MoreLean Manufacturing And Six Sigma1657 Words   |  7 Pagesof the customers. Lean Manufacturing and Six-sigma approach has been applied in diverse manufacturing processes which in-turn has contributed significantly in achieving continuous improvements. By utilizing these tools, organizations focus on maximizing their bottom-line successes apart from improving their top-line growth. However, many organizations face difficulties while imparting these tools in their sophisticated business model s. 2. Lean Six-sigma Methodology 2.1 Lean Management in ToyotaRead MoreA Six Sigma Process Is A Disciplined, Data Driven Approach And Methodology For Eliminating Defects Essay2337 Words   |  10 PagesA Six Sigma process is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving toward six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process – from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service. A six-sigma process seeks to improve the quality of the output of a process by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes. It uses a set of quality managementRead MoreApplication Of Lean Six Sigma Essay2414 Words   |  10 Pagesof Lean Six Sigma in IT Industry Ashutosh Gavali, Kirti Upreti Abstract If you do just Six Sigma, you re not going to maximize the potential of your organization. You have to do both, - Mike Carnell, President of Six Sigma Applications As Lean matured and Six Sigma started to receive acceptance across organizations other than Motorola and Toyota, they both became successful and competing methodologies for business improvement. Today, several companies rest upon either Lean or Six Sigma in orderRead MoreOutline Of A Sigma And Lean Six Sigma1942 Words   |  8 Pages1. Summary of the topic: In this document we have done a detailed study of Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma and how they help Business Analysts to maximize their skill sets to attain maximum process improvements in their activities. We introduce the topic, provide a historical timeline and disucuss its relevance to the topic. After that, we analyze current state and use the information to provide results in Analysis and Synthesis section. Introduction: Process Improvement or Business Process Improvement

Virginia Woolfs Narrative Technique in A Room of Ones...

Like most uneducated Englishwomen, I like reading. Can these words really belong to Virginia Woolf, an uneducated Englishwoman who knew half a dozen languages, who authored a shelfs length of novels and essays, who possessed one of the most rarified literary minds of the twentieth century? Tucked into the back pages of A Room of Ones Own, this comment shimmers with Woolfs typically wry and understated sense of humor. She jests, but she means something very serious at the same time: as a reader, she worries about the state of the writer, and particularly the state of the female writer. She worries so much, in fact, that she fills a hundred some pages musing about how her appetite for books in the bulk might be†¦show more content†¦We asked you to speak about women and fiction - what has that got to do with a room of ones own? Woolf asks, anticipating her audiences bewilderment at the title of her work. It has to do, she explains, with women writers need for money and personal space. But it can only be properly explained through fiction. I am going to develop in your presence as fully and freely as I can [my] train of thought...making use of all the liberties and licenses of a novelist, she explains. One can imagine that this statement only further perplexed Woolfs original audience of female undergraduates in 1928. But Woolf is adamant here. She has no desire to rehash remarks about the usual suspects of womens literature. Jane Austen, George Eliot, the Bronte sisters - these women will eventually be mentioned, but Woolf is no historical surveyor. She writes modernist novels; naturally, she will write about women and fiction in that same modernist, novelistic mode. But the fictional form of A Room of Ones Own indicates more than Woolfs predilection for the novel as a writer. Rather, prose fiction has been the tendency of successful female authors since their historical emergence. Woolf, who notes later that the finest male write rs compose with the unconscious bearing of long descent, knows that her gender has no Shakespeare, no Milton, no Keats. Nor have women had their hands in biography,Show MoreRelated Analysis of Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own Throughout history, female artists have not been strangers to harsh criticism regarding their artistic works. Some female artists are fortunate to even receive such criticism; many have not achieved success in sharing their works with the world. In Virgina Woolf’s third chapter of her essay â€Å"A Room of One’s Own,† Woolf addresses the plight of the woman writer, specifically during the Elizabethan time period of England. Woolf helps the readerRead MoreAnalysis the Use of Stream of Consciousness in Mrs Dalloway8784 Words   |  36 Pages May 8th , 2009 Abstract As one of the representative writers of novels of stream of consciousness, Virginia Woolf has made important contributions to the development of the technique of stream of consciousness by confirming her own original literary views through the design of a unique structure of stream of consciousness in one of her masterpieces—Mrs. Dalloway. Virginia Woolf constantly breaks through the tradition and works hard for the innovation throughout her life. Mrs. DallowayRead MoreEssay about Clothing and Gender in Virginia Woolfs Orlando1045 Words   |  5 PagesClothing and Gender in Virginia Woolfs Orlando In her novel Orlando, Virginia Woolf tells the story of a man who one night mysteriously becomes a woman. By shrouding Orlandos actual gender change in a mysterious religious rite, we readers are pressured to not question the actual mechanics of the change but rather to focus on its consequences. In doing this, we are invited to answer one of the fundamental questions of our lives, a question that we so often ignore because it seems so very basicRead MoreEssay on The Bloomsbury Group1644 Words   |  7 Pagesof the most important aspects of the Bloomsberries were Literature and Art. All members of this circle of intellectuals were vastly incorporated with both of these aspects as well as a few others. The most well recognized writer of this group was Virginia Woolf. The Bloomsbury Group is a popular collective designation for, a number of English intellectuals prominent in the first quarter of the 20th century, all of whom were individually known for their contributions to the arts or to the socialRead More Mrs. Dalloway2643 Words   |  11 PagesI. Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, was published on May 14, 1925 in London, England. The novel follows Clarissa Dalloway and a variety of other characters throughout the span of one day in their lives in 1923 London. Woolf utilizes a narrative method of writing. With the novel’s structure, the narrator possesses the ability to move inside of a character’s mind and compose her thoughts and emotions immediately as events occur throughout the day. The novel’s main character, Clarissa, is a middle-agedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Little Red Cap Essay1885 Words   |  8 Pagesinjustices of female representation in the past. This silence is evident in the Bible verse, ‘Let yo ur women keep silent in the churches,’ (I Corinthians 14: 34-37) and Virginia Woolf’s concept that â€Å"Anon †¦ was often a woman [who could not otherwise get the respect of male counterparts].† (Virginia Woolf, 1928, A Room of One’s Own. PAGE). These are only two examples of how females have been largely disempowered by the male constraints of literature. In recent history feminists have deemed it necessaryRead More Aphra Behn and the Changing Perspectives on Ian Watt’s The Rise of the Novel6049 Words   |  25 Pagesother competing novels and novelists who helped create or challenge the tradition. (p.231) Margaret Reeves, a little more sceptically, argues that â€Å"The remarkable success of The Rise of the Novel is due in large measure to the coherence of the narrative and its aesthetic achievement as a story of generic birth, growth and fulfilment† (p.32). Watt’s long term relevance and popularity is founded at least partly on his clarification of two key assumptions within literary criticism; firstly, that theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 Pagespsychosomatic impact on the modern man. The murder of Riley in the play The Room, the persecution of Stanley in the play The Birthday Party, the dumbwaiter’s order to Ben to kill his partner, Gus in the play The Dumbwaiter, the electric shock treatment given to Aston in the play The Caretaker, the torture meted out to Victor, his wife and his son in the play One for the Road, and the act of prohibiting the mountain people from speaking their own language in the play The M ountain Language are some of the manifold

Augustine on Time Essay Example For Students

Augustine on Time Essay Book XI of the confessions deals with the nature of time. St. Augustine begins his inquiry of time by questioning its connection to God. Augustine seeks to answer the question: If God is eternal, how can he live exist in a time bound universe? Augustine solved this problem by stating that God does not exist in time. He argues that God created time when he created the world, and that only humans can conceive of time. Thus, according to Augustine, God lives in a different world were time does not exist. This solves the first half of the problem; the second half, however, deals with how time functions in the universe we live in. To understand Augustines argument we need to depart from the beliefs we have about time. Augustine talks about time as though it were a concept that can be measured and sensed. Thus when he talks about time he is talking about something that exists. Thus, for example, we will say we see a green chair until we no longer see the chair. Just as we can use our five senses, Augustine feels that humans believe we can measure time. Yet rationalizing how we can measure time is not so easy. He goes on to argue that we do not measure time as easily as we can see a green chair. Augustine believes that time intervals do not exist. Rather, that we understand time through memory (past), attention (present), and expectation (future). This is his answer to how we can understand time, although he is not too convinced about it. In sections 26 and 27 Augustine is playing the skeptical, and is posing arguments that show that understanding time is not so easy. He does his best to try to solve problems yet he poses problems and offers no conclusive solutions. In these two sections Augustine discusses a peculiar aspect of time, how (and whether) we can measure time. Previously Augustine had already discussed that he cannot say that past and future are, because they have already passed or have not yet become. Thus, how can he understand time, if for example we say, it took a long time, if the past has already passed and the future has not yet happened then how can he talk about a long time in actuality? The only actual thing that exists is the present but it is small and tends to go toward non-existence. Further, the movement of things is not time. Thus time is independent of the events that can be observed by the senses. To a further extent, he is also asking what time is and what is its nature. Augustine will a rgue that time can be measured but it cannot be understood in terms of present, past, or future. Thus, he asks, how do we actually understand time it if we do not do so in either present, past, or future. To discuss how Augustine handles this I will explicate the passage in my own words and, where relevant, develop the philosophical issues being addressed. In the first paragraph of section 26 Augustine asks whether he can measure time. He answers himself that he can, but he is not sure what exactly it is he measures. At this point Augustine is asking that he knows he has a concept of time. However, he does not know what it is. Thus he seeks to know the nature of time. Thus the objective is set, to know the nature and definition of time; more roughly said he wants to know what is time. Augustine then begins to try to solve this problem by presenting an analogy. He argues that he measures the movement of bodies through time. He then goes on to ask whether by measuring the movement of bodies through time he is actually measuring time. In other words: Can I measure the movement of a body, how long the movement lasted, unless I measured the time in which it moved. Thus Augustine is trying to see if he can measure time by means of observing a changing event, in this case two objects moving. The philosophical importance that he presents here is that we cannot understand reality outside of the scope of time; everything is changing, thus we need time to understand our world. Furthermore, we intuitively acknowledge we can measure time, thus if we cannot then what is it that we acknowledge that we are measuring?Augustine goes on to ask what if you could measure time by observing the movement of a body. If you can, by what means can you do so. Thus Augustine is observing that you do not measure time when you observe different objects moving. Rather you only observe the things moving and understand this trough time. Thus there is no intrinsic connection between the world we observe through the senses and time. Thus, time passes even if things stop moving. This is hinting to what he will ultimately argue, that time exists in the mind of humans, that it is an extension of the mind itself. Then he asks whether he can measure long periods of time by shorter ones? He is trying to understand the concept of time by looking at if from a perspective of knowing time. However, since he does not know what time is he has to return to the beginning premise of asking what time is. Furthermore, he asks whether he understand time by measuring lines in poems. However, he comes to the conclusion that there is no connection between reality and time. They are independent of each other. For example, you can pronounce words fast or slow, and this would therefore not give you a proper understanding of the equivalent of events in regard to time.Thus to try to understand time in concept of observing objects does not seem like a good answer. Noting this, Augustine then asks whether time could just be an extension of the mind. That is, whether it is something that the mind understands and that does not exist in the real world. At this point Augustine proposes that time is understood through the minds of humans, not through observation of objects. Throughout the whole passage Augustine asks whether he can measure time. Thus he is looking at time from the perspective that humans can measure time. He is now asking whether time exists independently of humans, he is looking at time from a framework of being a human. Augustine asks what he is talking about when he says that 1 period of time is longer than another one. Again this question is asked, what is time? Further, he asks what is the nature of time and whether he can actually speak of it as though it were som ething that existed. What is it I am measuring when I say that one period of time is longer than another one? Augustine knows that he is measuring time yet he knows he is not measuring the future, because that does not exist yet. Nor the present because it has no extent, which is it has parts that are both in the past and in the future as it is a period of time, nor the past because that no longer exists. Thus Augustine asks whether he is measuring something that is becoming non-existent, that is that he measures something that disappears. Whether he is measuring time that is in the process of changing but has not passed yet?In book 27 Augustine presents a skeptical argument; he does his best to argue that we cannot understand how we measure time. First he imagines that he hears a noise. He argues that before it began it could not be measured because it did not exist, and that after it passed you cannot measure it either because it no longer exists. Thus it could only be measured wh ile it existed because then it existed and it could be measured. But at this point time was transient toward non-existence. How then, Augustine asks, can you measure something that is changing toward non-existence? He is skeptical you can. But he grants that it is possible. And goes on to ask what if we tried to measure another sound. To measure the sound you must listen to it while it lasts. However, Augustine asks how we will be able to measure it when it comes to an end if it will no longer exist. Augustines arguments in sections 26 and 27 prove to be cumbersome and difficult to follow. Regardless he is right in seeing that time cannot be understood as easily as we would like it to be. We cannot rationalize time in the way we rationalize the existence of a physical object. However regardless of all this he argues that we can measure time. Thus in the sections we read he does not give us the answer but merely hints at it when he says he is starting to believe that time is an exten sion of the mind itself. Thus how do we measure time? Augustine ultimately argues that since the past is not and the future is not, then the only thing we can measure is the present. Only the present can have some being. However, Augustine argues that it is with our minds that we measure time. He already stated that we cannot attribute past and future to God, nor to the movement of objects, thus this last resource is what Augustine believes is our reality. The philosophical importance of this is to acknowledge that we cannot think of time as though it were a metaphysical concept. That is, an aspect of the nature of reality, (by reality meaning the outside world we live in). Rather, it is a concept that is in our minds. Time exists neither in the present, nor future, nor past. It is only a fleeing moment with no extension that does not exist in future and past. Thus Augustine is making the claim that time is something that is imbedded into humans, not something that exists in the wor ld. Thus this fact makes it important to know that our nature is not the same as that of the universe. We see and understand things differently than does the rest of the universe, including God, who sees everything in the present. Having this knowledge is valuable in itself, I believe, Augustine would argue. .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 , .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .postImageUrl , .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 , .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26:hover , .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26:visited , .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26:active { border:0!important; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26:active , .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26 .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube75c26b85364dadcba6a81ab2f04d26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marketing Strategies of Subway EssayI feel that Augustines arguments are good but that he is mistaken in the way he speaks. He says the past and future are non-existent and uses these arguments as premises for the rest of his argument. This is true, however I feel he uses these concepts out of context. He asks, for example, how we can measure sound if when it comes to an end it will no longer exist. I think this is not a relevant question. The fact of the matter is that when it is present, you can measure it. Even if the present tends toward non-existence you still had a moment in the present when you could measure time. Just because time ceases to exist does not mean that at a moment you were able to measure it by the fact of memory. You remember you heard a sound and continue to hear it. It is no longer present; it is gone, however you remember it. Thus I can see how he feels that time that passes cannot be measured but I think he is stuck in the terminology and only when he goes beyond this and rationalizes everything does he come up with the solution that time is in the mind, which I agree with, although there is no way to prove this is so. Biffle, Chrisopher. Landscape of Wisdom: A Guided Tour of Western Philosophy. Mayfield, California. 1999.

Moments free essay sample

How can there be moments that produce sorrow for one, and yet bring happiness to another? As I stare at my hands, memories flood my mind. These hands are my life. Even now, as they automatically click the keys and create the sound I love, my hands form this very moment. These are the hands that carefully grasped a pencil to practice cursive writing at age seven. Blistering from the unaccustomed feel of a shovel, they placed concrete bricks that created the foundation of a schoolhouse in Mali, Africa. These are the hands that sort and recycle sticky pop cans every Wednesday. My hands include my right pinky, which has taught itself to stand beautifully curved on a violin bow; an index finger that has taken countless photos for a treasured scrapbook; a right hand that has mastered the direction of magnetic force. The slender fingers are tipped with nails that are polished year round. We will write a custom essay sample on Moments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Are they perfect? No. A closer look would reveal my left pinky in its mangled state, the result of a two-year-old’s curiosity to look out the car window that collided with the driver’s desire to close the window. After 15 years of healing, a finger truncated by two centimeters remains with its deformed nail. The truth is, I have always hated this finger, the flaw on my most treasured feature. And I hated the pain caused by nail clippings this mundane activity produced tears in my five-year-old eyes because the skin that my nail grew attached to had to be clipped away with the nail. My dream of playing the violin like my brother vanished because certain notes were always flat and my vibrato was pathetic. I dreamt of a lefty violin, something only a desperate eight-year-old could think of. Over time, I developed the habit of folding my hands and tucking away the deformed finger. It was only much later that I realized it wasn’t the finger that was a mistake, it was my attitude. I have no idea how I ever managed to disregard my parents’ pained expressions, who took the blame. I placed the blame on myself for being so selfish and cowardly. Staring at my left hand now, I am comfortable with imperfection. It may be a bit foolish to ask others whether they’d like to see my â€Å"chopped-off pinky,† but my frank query represents a new attitude I’m proud of who I am, including every weird quirk. Plus, it is the perfect conversation starter. It’s true: I’m still far from mastering the art of vibrato, but I’ve been fairly successful in fine-tuning my own outlook on life.

Biography of Christine de Pizan, Medieval Writer

Biography of Christine de Pizan, Medieval Writer Christine de Pizan (1364 to 1430), born in Venice, Italy, was an Italian writer and political and moral thinker during the late medieval period. She became a prominent writer at the French court during the reign of Charles VI, writing on literature, morals, and politics, among other topics. She  was noted for her unusually outspoken defense of women. Her writings remained influential and oft-printed through the 16th  century, and her work returned to prominence during the mid-20th  century. Fast Facts: Christine de Pizan Known For: Early feminist thinker and influential writer in the royal court of Charles VI of FranceBorn: 1364 in Venice, ItalyDied: 1430 in Poissy, FrancePublished Works: The Book of the City of Ladies, The Treasure of the City of LadiesFamous Quote:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The man or the woman in whom resides greater virtue is the higher; neither the loftiness nor the lowliness of a person lies in the body according to the sex but in the perfection of conduct and virtues.†Ã‚  (from  The Book of the City of Ladies) Early Life Pizan was born in Venice to Tommaso di Benvenuto da Pizzano, later known by the Gallicized moniker Thomas de Pizan, in reference to the family’s origins in the town of Pizzano. Thomas was a physician, astrologer, and politician in Venice – then a republic in its own right – and accepted a posting to the French court of Charles V in 1368. His family accompanied him there. Unlike many of her contemporaries, Pizan was well educated from a young age, in large part thanks to her father, who encouraged her learning and provided access to an extensive library. The French court was highly intellectual, and Pizan absorbed it all. Wed and Widowed At the age of fifteen, Pizan  married Etienne du Castel, a court secretary. The marriage was, by all accounts, a happy one. The pair were close in age, and the marriage produced three children in ten years. Etienne encouraged Pizans intellectual and creative pursuits as well. Pizans father Thomas died in 1386, with some debts outstanding. Because Thomas had been the royal favorite, the family’s fortunes were not as bright after his death. In 1389, tragedy struck again. Etienne fell ill and died, most likely from the plague, leaving Pizan a widow with three young children. With no surviving male relatives, Pizan was left as the sole supporter of her children and her mother (and a niece, according to some sources). When she attempted to claim the salary still owed to her late husband, she was forced to engage in legal battles to get what was owed. Writer at Court The royal courts of England and Milan both expressed interest in Pizans presence, but her loyalty remained with the court where she had spent nearly her entire life. The natural decision might have been to remarry, but Pizan made the decision to not seek a second husband among the men at court. Instead, she turned to her considerable writing skill as a means to support her family. At first, Pizans  output mainly consisted of love poetry in the favored styles of the era. Several of the ballads were expressions of grief over Etienne’s passing, again highlighting the genuine affection of their marriage. Pizan was highly involved in the production of her books, and her skillful poetry and embrace of Christian morals caught the eyes of many of the wealthy, titled courtiers. Writing romantic ballads was also a crucial means of gaining patrons, given the popularity of the form. As time passed, she gained many patrons, including Louis I, Duke of Orleans, Phillip, Duke of Burgundy, Marie of Berry, and even an English earl, the Earl of Salisbury. Because of her ability to utilize these powerful patrons, Pizan  was able to navigate a time of major turmoil in the French court during the reign of Charles VI, who earned the moniker â€Å"the Mad† due to his bouts of mental illness that rendered him unfit to rule for stretches of time. Pizan also wrote many of her works for and about the French royal family. In 1404, her biography of Charles V was published, and she often dedicated pieces of writing to the royals. A 1402 work was dedicated to Queen Isabeau (Charles VI’s wife) and compared the queen to the historical queen Blanche of Castile. Literary Quarrel Pizans poetry was clearly influenced by her own experience of losing her husband and being left to fend for herself, but some poems had an unusual tone that set her apart. One poem describes a fictionalized Pizan being touched by the personification of Fortune and â€Å"changed† into a male, a literary depiction of her struggles to be her family’s breadwinner and fulfill a â€Å"male† role. This was only the start of Pizans writings on gender. In 1402, Pizan  gained attention as the instigator of a famous literary debate, the â€Å"Querelle du Roman de la Rose† or the â€Å"Quarrel of the Romance of the Rose.† The debate centered on the Romance of the Rose, written by Jean de Meun, and its harsh, misogynistic depictions of women. Pizans writings defended women from these portrayals, using her extensive knowledge of literature and rhetoric to debate at a scholarly level. The Book of the City of Ladies The work for which Pizan is best known is The Book of the City of Ladies (Le Livre de la cità © des dames). In this work and its companion, The Treasure of the City of Ladies, Pizan  created an extensive allegory in defense of women, marking her as one of the earliest Western feminist authors. The central idea of the work is the creation of a great metaphorical city, constructed by and for heroic, virtuous women throughout history. In the book, Pizans  fictionalized self has a lengthy dialogue with three ladies who are the personifications of great virtues: Reason, Rectitude, and Justice. Her rhetoric is designed to critique the oppression of women and the vulgar, misogynistic attitudes of male writers of the day. It included profiles and â€Å"examples† drawn from great women of history, as well as logical arguments against oppression and sexism. Additionally, the book exhorts women of all stations to cultivate their skills and to live well. Even in the production of her book, Pizan advanced the cause of women. The Book of the City of Ladies was produced as an illuminated manuscript, which Pizan herself oversaw. Only skilled women were employed to produce it. Political Writings During Pizans  life, the French court was in considerable turmoil, with various factions constantly vying for power and the king incapacitated much of the time. Pizans writings urged unity against a common enemy (the English, with whom the French were fighting the Hundred Years’ War) rather than civil war. Unfortunately, civil war broke out around 1407. In 1410, Pizan  published a treatise on warfare and chivalry, in which she discussed the concepts of just war, treatment of troops and prisoners, and more. Her work was balanced for her time, adhering to the contemporary concept of war as divinely ordained justice but also critiquing the cruelties and crimes committed in wartime. As her connection to the royal family remained intact, Pizan  also published The Book of Peace, her final major work, in 1413. The manuscript was dedicated to the young dauphin, Louis of Guyenne, and was filled with advice on how to govern well. In her writing, Pizan advocated against civil war and advised the prince to set an example for his subjects by being wise, just, honorable, honest, and available to his people. Later Life and Death After the French defeat at Agincourt in 1415, Pizan  stepped away from court and retired to a convent. Her writing ceased, although in 1429, she wrote a paean to Joan of Arc, the only such French-language work written in Joan’s lifetime. Christine de Pizan died at the convent in Poissy, France in 1430 at the age of 66. Legacy Christine de Pizan was one of the earliest feminist writers, defending women and placing value on the perspectives of women. Her works criticized the misogyny found in classical romances and were seen as vindications of women. After her death,  The Book of the City of Ladies remained in print, and her political writings continued to circulate as well. Later scholars, most notably Simone de Beauvoir, brought Pizans works back to prominence in the twentieth century, studying her as one of the earliest instances of women who wrote in defense of other women. Sources Brown-Grant, Rosalind. Christine de Pizan and the Moral Defence of Women. Cambridge University Press, 1999.â€Å"Christine de Pisan.† Brooklyn Museum, https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/place_settings/christine_de_pisanâ€Å"Christine de Pizan Biography.† Biography, https://www.biography.com/people/christine-de-pisan-9247589Lunsford, Andrea A., editor. Reclaiming Rhetorica: Women and in the Rhetorical Tradition.  University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995.Porath, Jason. Rejected Princesses: Tales of History’s Boldest Heroines, Hellions, and Heretics. New York: Dey Street Books, 2016.

Have vs Having in Certain Expressions

Have vs Having in Certain Expressions Have vs Having in Certain Expressions Have vs Having in Certain Expressions By Maeve Maddox Paul Russell poses an interesting question about the use of have and having. He points out the common ESL error of saying I am having a headache and asks: Why can I say Im having my lunch but not Im having a headache? Some explanations Ive read indicate its all to do with possession. Â  But every time I think I have it figured, I have to wonder why I must say I have a cold when I cant say I have a heart attack. Im sure youll be having a good explanation for me:-) Heres the usual rule given to ESL students concerning the use of have to show possession or to describe medical conditions: Have should always be in the simple present tense for the meaning to own, or to describe medical problems. For example: They have a new car. I have a bad cold. It is incorrect to say I am having a cold or I am having a new car. Im having a heart attack does seem to contradict this rule. I think that the difference between I have a headache and Im having a heart attack may have more to do with duration than with either a medical condition or possession. One can have a heart condition, but a heart attack is a singular event, usually over in a few seconds or minutes. One may say I hope I wont have a heart attack, but in the event that one has oneand is capable of telling someoneam having is the only possibility. A headache is generally of longer duration than a heart attack. It may last an hour, several hours, or days. The same applies to a cold. Both are events of indeterminate duration. You have them for a while. If youre seated at a table having your lunch, youre engaged in an activity with a predictable end. Youll stop having lunch when youve finished eating. Thats my theory, anyway. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" 36 Poetry Terms10 Terms for the Common People

Hiv the past and present global y Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hiv the past and present global y - Essay Example Because of AIDS, there had been sever distortion in the economy of Africa and also the life expectancy of the region has been significantly affected. It is not only an epidemic suffocating Africa, but all the continents of world are suffering hardly to combat this disease. According to (Ashford,2006)â€Å"By 2005, more than 25 million people had died and an estimated 39 million were living with HIV. An estimated 4 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2005—95percent of them in sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, or Asia†. HIV is not only a disease devastating global society, but it is also the fourth ranked fatal diseases in the world. The number of children and adults died because of this epidemic is far beyond imagination and statistics. The Origin of HIV It is a common notion among people that origin of HIV/AIDS virus is due to some natural phenomena. It is widely believed that African men contracted AIDS from some chimpanzee during hunting time. As per (Hor owitz,2002(â€Å"Key among these HIV origin theories is the so called "cut hunter theory" in which a human, allegedly African native, received a bloody wound or infected splash while preparing a chimpanzee carrying a similar virus†. But further researched ignored this concept, and accused human for the emergence of HIV and AIDS. The HIV was however, first recognized in 1981, when many gay men developed an unexplainable resistance to medication for their acquired infections and cancers. Interestingly, HIV scientifically called Human Immunodeficiency Virus progressed to become AIDS. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or otherwise called AIDS can harm the immunity of a person and can cause death of the person. Once a person have detected with HIV, then he in few years a victim gets AIDS. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection. It is only good if the person infected with HIV in the initial stage is treated otherwise he can be diseased with AIDS which is fatal.â€Å"CDC estimat es that about 56,000 people in the United States contracted HIV in 2006.There are two types of HIV, HIV-1 and HIV-2. In the United States, unless otherwise noted, the term â€Å"HIV† primarily refers to HIV-1†(NCH,2010).It can be an astonishing fact, but the origin of HIV is still in ambiguity and up to date science is engaged in study about the origin of this malicious disease. HIV Prevalence in African continent HIV is a condition over the past three decades have cause irrevocable damage to health, wellbeing and sustenance of a person. In 27 years time, HIV has killed around 25 million people and causes debilitating illness and horrifying death states to people in their prime years of life. This disease has not only caused damage to the life of a person but also caused devastation to the family and community surrounding them. Moreover it had kept a very complicated situation in front of African countries in fighting the poverty and improvement of health of their socie ty.As per (Chao,2010,pg.41-50) â€Å"South Africa is at the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS epidemic severely affecting nearly all countries in sub Saharan Africa.   South Africa has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world†. The effect of HIV on health can show many symptoms and